In fonts with relatively low x-height, however, small caps may be somewhat larger than this. Typically, the height of a small capital glyph will be one ex, the same height as most lowercase characters in the font. Well-designed small capitals are not simply scaled-down versions of normal capitals they normally retain the same stroke weight as other letters and have a wider aspect ratio for readability. Small caps can be used to draw attention to the opening phrase or line of a new section of text, or to provide an additional style in a dictionary entry where many parts must be typographically differentiated. For example, the text "Text in small caps" appears as Text in small caps in small caps. Small caps are used in running text as a form of emphasis that is less dominant than all uppercase text, and as a method of emphasis or distinctiveness for text alongside or instead of italics, or when boldface is inappropriate. This is technically not a case-transformation, but a substitution of glyphs, although the effect is often approximated by case-transformation and scaling.
In typography, small caps (short for " small capitals") are lowercase characters typeset with glyphs that resemble uppercase letters (capitals) but reduced in height and weight, close to the surrounding lowercase letters or text figures. If the name of a work is not in a Roman font, transliterate it using "a standard transliteration system." The Bluebook suggests the ALA-LC Romanization tables.True small caps (top), compared with scaled small caps (bottom), generated by Writer Citing materials in non-Roman fonts: Bluebook Rule 20 is about documents in non-English languages.357 (2012).īecause of the Scharf article is with the Custer article in footnote 1, it is necessary to use supra to cite the Custer article, but because the Custer article is alone in footnote 2, it is OK to use id for footnote 3. Scharf, Universal Jurisdiction and the Crime of Aggression, 53 Harv. 71, 72 (2000) ("Change involves phases, and how well the phases are managed determines the level of successful change.") Michael P. Custer, Managing Internal Administrative Change, 92 Law. When using supra, you need to give information about the source, in addition to the footnote where it appeared. Id and Supra : You can only use " Id." if the previous footnote only contains a single source.Custer, Managing Internal Administrative Change, 92 LAW. LIBR. J. "Change involves phases, and how well the phases are managed determines the level of successful change." Joseph A. 71, 72 (2000) ("Change involves phases, and how well the phases are managed determines the level of successful change.") Custer, Managing Internal Administrative Change, 92 LAW. The two ways to do this are a parenthetical or including the citation after the quote, like this:
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